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Al-Quran provides guidance in the problem of belief, sharia, and morals, by putting basic principles on these issues, and assigns the Messenger of Allah SWT said. To provide a full explanation about the basics: We have sent down to the Al-Dzikr (Al-Quran) to you explain to people what is revealed to them that they think (QS 16:44).
Besides information provided by the Messenger of Allah. He also ordered all mankind to observe and to learn Al-Quran: It is not they consider the content of the Al-Quran, their hearts, or even closed (QS 47:24).
Learn Al-Quran is the obligation. Here are some basic principles to understand, in terms of special relationship with the Al-Quran knowledge. Or, in other words, about "understanding the Al-Quran in conjunction with Science." (This issue is very important, especially in the future is now, where the development of knowledge so rapidly and covers all aspects of life.
Haziness about this can cause excess-excess that affect the development of our present and future generations who will come. In the book, Science and the Modern World, A.N. Whitehead wrote: "When we realize the importance of religion for people and the importance of knowledge, it is not excessive when it is said that history will come that we depend on the current generation of decision on the relationship between the two." 6
Whithead writing this based on what happened in Europe in the 18th century, when the church / ecclesiastic on one hand and scientists on the other hand, can not agree to terms on the relationship between Scripture and science but religion, which means can include all the confidence of the people.
Likewise for Islam, our understanding of the relationship between Al-Quran and science will not influence the development of small religious and historical development of mankind in future generations who will come.
The lower the period of Al-Quran
Al-Koran al-Karim, which consists of 114 and the advent of determined by Allah SWT. tawqifi way, do not use the method as methods of preparation of scientific books. Scientific books that discuss a problem, always use a certain method and divided into chapters and articles. This method is not found in the Al-Koran al-Karim, in which many issues parent-switch explained.
The issue of belief sometimes coupled with legal problems and criticisms; the history of people who are united together and with the advice, ultimatum, encouragement or signs of God in the universe. Sometimes also, there is a legal issue or are explained suddenly emerged on the other issues first sight there is no relationship between one to the other. For example, what is in Surah Al-Baqarah verse 216-221, which set the law of war in asyhur al-hurum sequence with a legal liquor, gambling, the issue of orphans, and marriage with those Pagans.
That is intended to give the impression that the teachings of Al-Quran and the laws that are included in a unity that must be obeyed by the whole-experienced no separation between one to the other. In explaining the problems philosophy and metaphysics, Al-Quran does not use the term philosophy and logic. Also in the field of political, economic, social and cultural. That proves that Al-Quran can not be with the Book of known human.
Objectives of Al-Quran is also different with the goal of scientific books. To understand, first known to be a decline in the period of Al-Quran. With the know-period period, the objectives of Al-Quran will be more clear.
The ulemas' Ulum Al-Quran share decrease in the history of Al-Quran in two periods: (1) The period before the migration and (2) The period after the migration. Signs that fell in the first period named revelations Makkiyyah, and the revelations that came down in the second period named revelations Madaniyyah. But, here, history will be divided by the decrease in the Al-Quran in the three periods, although in reality the first period and second in the division is a collection of verses Makkiyah, and the third is the revelations Madaniyyah. Therefore, the division for more than explain the main objectives of Al-Quran.
First Period
Known that Muhammad., At the beginning of the decrease in the first revelation (Thanks'), has not been appointed to be the messenger. With the revelation that first, he was a new prophet is not assigned to deliver what is acceptable. New after he revealed assigned to the revelation, the revelation received, with the word of God, "said the inside, to rise and warn" (QS 74:1-2).
Then, after that, the content of divine revelation in the range of three things. First, the education of the Prophet., In the form His characters. Note his word: O people inside, Arise and as. And your Lord magnify. Where clothes you. Leave the dirt (syirik). Do not give something with an eye to receive more from it, and the patient, you implement the commands of your Lord (QS 74:1-7).
In the third, there are also a revelation for guidance: Arise, shalat at night, except a little from it, namely half the night,less slightly from that or more, and read Al-Quran with tartil (QS 73:1-4).
This command is due Indeed, we will reduce to a very serious revelation (QS 73:5).
There are more revelations of other, for example: Give a warning to the nearest family. Lower yourself, do not be arrogant to those who believe that followed. If they (family) reluctant followed, say, I am of what you do (QS 26:214-216).
Such revelations that he is counseling for the sake of successful propaganda.
Second, the knowledge-base of knowledge about the nature of God and af'al, for example Surah Al-A'la (Surah seventh-derived) or the advent of Al-Ikhlash, according to a Hadith the Messenger "comparable with the third Al-Quran," because the know with will know the actual problem of the unity of god and tanzih (consecration) of Allah SWT.
Third, the description of the basic morals Islamiah, and the rebuttal disputed the general view about the life of the people when the Gentiles. This can be read, for example, in Surah Al-Takatsur, the advent of a censure that they accumulate wealth-Li Sze; and Surah Al-Ma'un obligation to explain the very poor and orphans and views about religious life share work.
This period lasts about 4-5 years old and have caused various reactions among the Arab community when. Reactions are evident in the three main things:
1. A few of them accept the teachings of both the Al-Quran.
2. Most of the people reject the teachings of Al-Quran, because of their ignorance (QS 21:24), to maintain their resolve customs and traditions of the ancestors (QS 43:22), and because of the meaning or purpose-specific groups, such as one from the Described by Abu Sufyan: "Had Banu Hashim nubuwwah get the glory, the glory that is what I live for us."
3. Dakwah Al-Quran began Makkah extends beyond the borders of the surrounding areas.
Second Period
The second period from a decline in the history of Al-Quran during the 8-9 years, where the fight occurred between the powerful Islamic movement and Gentiles. Islamic opposition movement against the use of all methods and systems to prevent the progress of propaganda Islamiah.
Starting from vilification, intimidation and persecution, which resulted in the teachings of the Al-Quran when forced to emigrate Habsyah and eventually they all - including the Prophet .-- emigrated to Medina.
At the time, the verses of the Al-Quran, in one of the parties, silih explain the switch down basic obligations in accordance with the conditions experienced when it propaganda, such as: Invite them to the Lord (religious) with wisdom and good guidance, and do not agree their way with the best (QS 16:125).
And, on the other hand, the verses of criticism and threats that continue to flow to the vitriolic people who turn away from the idolaters truth, such as: If they turn away, say O Muhammad: "I be afraid you with the punishment, as punishment befalling the nation 'and the Ad Thamud "(QS 41:13).
In addition, the fall also verses that contain arguments, arguments about the oneness of God and the certainty of the Hour, based on signs that can see in their daily life, such as: Human give parable for us and forget the crime, they said: " Who can turn the bones-bones that have been destroyed and obsolete? " Say, O Muhammad: "What is the turn of God who made it in the beginning, and the Knower of all incidents. He made for you, O man, the fire from the green wood (wet) and then you burn it." It does not create the heavens and the earth is able to create that is similar? Indeed, He Almighty Creator and Knowing. Indeed, if God willed something he only ordered: "Be!" So be it (QS 36:78-82).
This paragraph is one of the arguments in most powerful prove the certainty of the Day of Resurrection. In this case, Al-Kindi said: "Who among the people and philosophy are to gather in one phrase-word letter of the revelations, which have been concluded as God to His Messenger said., Which explained that the bone-bone can become obsolete after the life and destroyed; that qudrah He created the heavens and the earth like, and something that can materialize from the opposite with. "7
Here proved that the verses of the Al-Quran has been able to understand in a container made in the-understand all the terms of the Gentiles so that they no longer have meaning and position in the ratio of natural and healthy mind.
Third Period
During the third period, the propaganda of Al-Quran has been able to realize a big achievement because of the already-experienced can live freely conduct religious teachings in Yatsrib (later given the name of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah). This period lasts for ten years, which arise in various events, problems and issues, such as: whether the principles applied by the community in achieving happiness? How attitude towards the hypocrites, AHL Bible, the unbelievers, and others, all of which is explained Al-Quran in a way that is different?
With one-word phrase that evoke the spirit as the following, the Al-Quran suggest: you should not fight among the broken promise and want to expel the Messenger, while they start the war. Are you afraid of them? He is entitled to if you can not really believers. made in the war! God will punish them by the you-made in low and humiliate them, and Allah will explain you all the hearts and satisfy party people believe (QS 9:13-14).
Sometimes also commands a decisive accompanied, such as: "O people believe, indeed, alcoholism, gambling, idols, made in the magic act is despicable act of the devil. Therefore Avoid all that you get the victory. Surely, no satan other desired except instill hostility and hatred among you is caused by liquor and gambling, and turn you from dzikrullah and prayer, so therefore cut jobs of the (QS 5:90-91).
In addition, the silih-switch, there are also verses that explain the morals and mysticism that must be followed by every Muslim in the day-to-day life, such as: O those who believe, do not enter a home other than your house unless requested permission and say greeting to the residents. It is better for this. Hopefully you will get a warning (QS 24:27).
All of this paragraph provides guidance to the Muslim nation to the path of God that no addition to encouraging them to strive in the way of Allah, while providing character education and mysticism that in accordance with their circumstances in various situations (lose, win, happy, miserable, safe and fear ). In the Uhud war, for example, where the Muslim nation and seventy people suffering victim, alight revelations tranquilizer, which read: Do not you feel weak or mournful. You are the people who levels (win) for you believe. If you get injured, then they also get a group of similar injuries. That is the day-to-day victory We perganti-substitute between humans, that God proves people believe in God and to lift them from the martyr, indeed, no love of God who mayhem (QS 3:139-140).
In addition to revelations that came down to invite dialogue with believers, many verses that are intended to hypocrites, and the Scripture POLYTHEIST people. Signs of these invites them to the correct path, according to the attitudes of their endeavor. One of the revelations pointed to the experts is: Say (Muhammad): O book of experts (among Jews and Christians), let us go to one of us agree that we do not worship except Allah, not associating him with anything any , Nor take part from the gods that we are not God. " But if they turn away, say: "
made in view
that we are Muslims" (QS 3:64).Preached by Al-Quran
And a summary of the history of the decrease in the Al-Quran, it appears that the verses of the Al-Quran in line with the propaganda: decreased gradually depending on the needs and hunger, to which the usual propaganda has been thorough, many people crowd-embrace Islam. When then decrease in the verses of Al-Quran and also come from Allah SWT assertion: Today has beenmade the perfect religion and has made in sufficient favor, and to have I know Islam as a religion (QS 5:3).
Description above shows that the verses of the Al-Quran adjusted to the circumstances at that time. History is history, which disclosed the nations that live around the Arabian Peninsula. Events is the events are they. Customs and characteristics of the community be censured, which are arising and that there are people in it.
But this does not mean that the teachings of Al-Quran can only be applied in discovering the community or in the course of time. Because that is only for propaganda arguments. History of people expressed as a lesson / warning of how the treatment of God against people who follow their impressions, the impressions.
As a comparison, the Al-Quran can supposing with someone in the inculcate the idea can not escape from the situation, situation or condition that the object is propaganda. Of course the use of the method must be in accordance with the circumstances, the level of intelligence and the development of the object. Similarly inculcate in the idea, ideals that are not up to the limit he property community and a certain period, but still expects that the idea developed in all places throughout the period.
To apply the idea that, a da'i not be bored and despair. And in their factory that was converted, he should be able to declare and repeat business, although in a way that is different. Similarly, the verses of the Al-Quran repeat several times that one issue. But to avoid the occurrence of ennui, the structure of words - by Allah SWT - modified and decorated so interesting hearing. Is not the arguments-arguments of the Al-Quran on the questions that were presented can be used where, when and for anyone, and in the circumstances of any?
Argument kosmologis (cosmological arguments) - that by Immanuel Kant said, as an argument that is admired and is one of the theorem about the existence most powerful Creator (Prime Cause) - is one of the arguments of the Al-Quran for that purpose. Is not the rejection of the Al-Quran syirik (polytheism) and includes all forms of polytheism that has arisen, including of the people by Arab descent when the Al-Quran?
Can also be taken, that no one philosophy that will explain the details of any details, from A to Z in the abstract, without giving examples of life in the communities where it occurs or developing. How that this may not materialize if there is, then it is the only theories that can not be merely applied in a community.
Do not be a requirement that the universal movement to start spreading in the international forum. But, the most appropriate way is spreading the teachings-teachings in the community where the emergence of a movement that, where the carrier-made in the width know the language, traditions and customs of the community was. Then, when successfully implemented the teachings-teachings in a certain community, the community could be "pilot project" for the other community. This we can see on fascism, Zionisme, communism, Nazism, and others. Thus, there is no reason to say that the teachings of Al-Quran is exclusively for people downloaded it in time.
Main destination of Al-Quran
Downloaded from the history of Al-Quran, can be taken conclusion that the Al-Quran has three main goals:
1. Help belief and confidence that was to be a human concentrate faith in the oneness of God and the certainty of the trust will be the day of reckoning.
2. Instructions on the morals of the road with pure explain norms and religious morality that must be followed by the men in their lives individually or collectively.
3. Help recognize Sharia law and with the way explain the basics of law that must be followed by a man in the relationship with God and each other. Or, in other words, the shorter, "Al-Quran is a guide for human to the road which must be adopted by the joy of living in the world and the Hereafter."
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