Posted by novi andi in
In asbab al-nuzul explained that on a day someone came to the messenger and asked: “Why the moon looks like a small thread, and then expand to become a perfect pumama?” Then, the Messenger of Allah., Restore, answers these questions to Allah SWT, which said: They ask you regard months. Say the month to determine the time for people and the Hajj (QS 2:189). Answer Al-Quran is not scientific answers, but the answer in accordance with the objectives of matter.
There also was asked about the “spirits”, Al-Quran and said: They ask you about the spirits. Said: “Spirit is the matter of my Lord, you are given only a little knowledge.” (QS 17:85).
Al-Quran does not explain the fact spirits, because the main purpose of the Al-Quran not explain scientific issues, but the objective is to provide guidance to the people for the joy of life in the world and the Hereafter soon. Syaikh Mahmud Syaltut carries after the second paragraph, and writing. “Is not there in this case (the second paragraph) that explains the evidence that Al-Quran is not a book of God desired to explain haqaiq al-kawn (scientific truth-truth in the universe), but it is a book of instructions, ishlah and tasyri ‘. “17
From here also clear that the paragraph referred to by farrathna ma fi al-min syay Book ‘(QS 6:38) and paragraph: nazzalna of’ alayka al-Book tibyanan likulli syay ‘QS 16:89), is that Al-Quran does not leave and the slightest unguarded or in providing information about all things related to the core objectives of Al-Quran, namely the problems faith, morals and sharia, not as what is understood by some ulama that it covers all kinds of knowledge.
Why Generalized Level Scientific INTERPRETATION?
Since the mid-19th century, Islam facing great challenges, not only in a limited field of political or military, but spread to include social and cultural fields. This challenge provides a great view of the life and thoughts among the people of Islam. Here and there they saw the strength of the West and the progress of science, and on the other hand, they feel the weakness and decadence people in the field of life and knowledge. The situation is similar this cause feelings of inferiority or low self Sell on most of the Muslim nation.
The Islamic scholars try to react, although in a way that is not right. There are among those taking the nature of apathetic, indifferent to the progress of these are also the spontaneous weapons to put up the things that have the character of the West - although in matters concerning the personality or the customs. Others oppose this direction with the public to accept Islam and learn science and systems used in the West achieve progress without leaving the personality or the principles of religion.
Not a place here to discuss the history of Islamic thought people from time to time. But one thing that can not be diingkari is that some of Islam since the mid-19th century is covered by feelings of low self and try to make compensation or abscond with the multifarious ways. One way is considering the successes of Islam and the heritage of ancestors, who then delivered what is called al-Arab al-fakhri of tamjid (literature pride and glory). The impact on the development of the Islamic community is thinking big in the Al-Koran interpreting.
Each new discovery there, the Islamic scholars immediately said: Al-Quran since a long time, since about a century, has stated this; Al-Quran precedes knowledge in the invention, and so forth, all of which is that no other feelings of inferiority compensation Sell was. On the other hand, the inventor was only mocking smile to see the situation of the Islam, and the smile is sometimes accompanied by the word cynical: If a host so why not-milord deliver this before we spend time in the investigation?
Diingkari can not remember that success is a long drug that can ease the pain, for temporary lull, but not menyembuhkannya. It only provides temporary answers to the challenges of the West. Behind it, he shows the weakness of the people. Indeed, given the success the old sometimes can be a force to forward to the future, or at least be able to keep the public personality. But we must also be vigilant and careful against the negative influence of-way so that when prolonged can freeze the mind. Long plume of success can generate and provide emotional satisfaction, but it can also cause negatifisme and konservatifisme; while the second nature is not in line with the knowledge that is dynamic and progressive.
The second factor that makes some Islamic scholars justify a scientific theory, by sparing us, is the result of the intense antagonism between the church and scientists since the 18th century in Europe. This contradiction is caused by the interpreter because the interpreter-Old Testament Book / Just follow the theories believed that a certain truth and kesuciannya, so that it heathen considered (exit from the religion) and the right to curse. On the other hand, scientists explore scientific-research, but the results of their investigations contrary to the beliefs of the church by.
Conflict between the two sides occurred when the scientists stated that the age of the world - based on geological research - older than the age defined by church-based interpretation of the Scriptures. This contradiction culminate with the birth of the theory of Charles Darwin (1859) on The Origin of Man and other theories, all that the church is faced with oppression and violence. As a result, not a few expert knowledge of the results of the victims of invention, such as Galileo, Arius, Bruno Bauer, George van Paris, and others. This raised the confidence among the public knowledge that contrary to the religion. Here we do not intend recounts the history of Christianity, but in the last grains of this we want to stop a moment to see how the impact on the natural mind of Muslim scholars.
In the world of Christian relief groups defenders religion called “apologetika” which aims to re-purify religion from every element that would diselewengkannya. Conflict between religious knowledge with this (especially in the Christian world) to give effect to the Muslim scholars who worry lest the disease this contradiction arises also in the Islamic world, so that they continually try to prove a very close relationship between science with religion (particularly Al -Quran). From this starting point, because they often slip pushed by the emotion and spirit of the overabundance to prove the absence of any contradiction in the religion of Islam. However, they grossly further to prove it.
History is witness that enough members of Astronomy, Medicine, Chemistry, Science Pasti, and other branches of science, has reached the impressive results in the heyday of Islam. They are experts in the field are at the same time they also run Islamic religious obligations properly. There is no contradiction between the belief that they anut with the results of their discovery, which can be said when the new - even some of the results of the paper they are learned in developing countries to modern now. Between religion and science are not possible contradiction, for both the method and use appropriate language. Humans have a desire to dedicate to God, and the desire to know and understand the appropriate conclusions. If we keep the interests of both things, then there may be no contradiction.
Richard Gregory in the Religion of Science and Civilization in writing: “Religion and science are the two main factors that influence human development in all standard-standard civilization; religion is a reaction to an impulse toward what is believed to kesuciannya, causing respect and reverence ; While science is a heap of knowledge about natural objects that live and die. ” Furthermore, he said: “In the ray of devotion to high ideals, the science is very necessary for our lives and religion determine the meaning of human life; both can find common ground to work, there is no contradiction between them.”
In the process integrate science and religion, while Muslim scholars to bring the results of research knowledge to the Al-Quran and then search-go verses that may menguatkannya, so not surprisingly, we found that interpretation, the interpretation is very far apart with the meaning and purpose of paragraph These revelations.
In the book of Al-Quran wa al-’Ilm Al-Hadith Al-My opus’ Abdurraziq Naufal, there is one very tangible example of what is shown above, he discusses the paragraph that read: And when the punishment has been near them. We prefer to remove the animals from the earth to speak with them that no human greatness We menyakini ayat-ayat/tanda-tanda (QS 27:82). According to this paragraph about sputnik and outer space exploration. Furthermore, he said: “Indeed, Russia has launched a space plane that carry the animals, then they return to earth, so binatangbinatang talk about the signs that God is very clear and reveal some of the mysteries of the cosmos that covers the full wonders of this “.
Here we do not have a comment more precisely from what ever get by Prof.. Dr. ‘Abdul-Wahid Wafi, a lecturer in the author’s Al-Azhar University: “Maybe he think that a dog named’ Laika ‘(ie Russian dog sent to outer space) has been talking with the language of dogs and not offend people because of trust marks The real greatness of God. “
In Indonesia, paragraph 33 Surah Al-Rahman as the basis by some scholars to prove that the Al-Quran discuss the problem of outer space. They stated that since 14 centuries ago, the Al-Quran has emphasized that the human is to space for their strength, knowledge is power. We do not deny that human beings have the capability to reach the moon and other planet-planet. Even people have landed on the moon. But difficult to understand the relationship of this paragraph with the issues.
According to the author sparingly, this paragraph to discuss the situation later in the Hereafter, which convey the challenges of God to men and jinn. It means that the paragraph: “O mankind and the jinn when you exit from the environment is heaven and earth to escape from the power and the calculation of our inventions, then quit, and flee. You can not dance, except with the power out, is you do not have the power “.
Command in the paragraph shows the inability of the two classes of human and jinn to do. This paragraph is understood considering the previous paragraph, which read: We will menghisab (calculation) with a special O ye men and jinn, so did the favor in favor of the Lord ye deny? O among the jinn and mankind when you able to exit from the heavens and the earth … (QS 55: 31-33).
Special calculation or computation will be held later in the day, not in the world. Good verses Yes ma’syar al-jinni wa al-insi are deemed to discuss the situation in the world and shows the human potential for cross outer space, it should be, the assumption is not justified immediately after considering the next paragraph, which read: Sent to you two groups ( O jinn and men) interest and liquid copper fire so that you can not defend themselves (can not exit from the heavens and the earth environment) (QS 55:35).
This paragraph with firmly stated that the business man and jinn to exit from the environmental heavens and the earth will fail. From here there are only two alternatives in interpreting the verses was: First, verse 33 of Surah Al-Rahman to discuss the issue of human genius and the world out of the heavens and the earth environment in the sense out of space. And second, paragraph discuss the situation in the Hereafter and the failure of the human environment out of heaven and earth to escape from the computation and calculation of the Lord.
If the first alternative is selected, then this will lead to two things that are very dangerous for people to view the Al-Quran, namely
Al-Quran that contradict with each other, because paragraph 34 explains the genius of the human environment out of the heavens and the earth, while paragraph 35 explains the failure of both men out.
Al-Quran - in this paragraph 35 - contrary to scientific fact, because of revelations that the failure of the human environment out of the heavens and the earth. Meanwhile, human-century-20 has successfully landed outside the earth (the moon).
But if selected alterantif second, that the verses discuss the situation in the Hereafter, it will not be found the slightest contradiction. Word of God: If Al-Quran, if not come from Allah, they will get a lot of contradiction in it (QS 4:82).
In the paragraph above there is no contradiction, because the paragraph that explains the threat of God to men and jinn, and expressed their inability exit from the heavens and the earth to escape from the calculations that will occur later in the Hereafter, because they do not have the strength.
How to Understand Al-Quran at the Time Now?
One can not justify a scientific theory or discovery of new revelations by the Al-Quran. From here the question may arise: if so whether the Al-Quran must be understood in accordance with the tenet of those friends and our parents were? No! Every Muslim, even every person, is obliged to understand and learn the Scriptures that dipercayainya. In fact, in the preamble Tafsir Al-Kasysyaf, Al-Zamakhsyari learn commentary argues that the Al-Quran is a “fardhu ‘ayn.”
Every Muslim is obliged to learn and understand the Al-Quran. But this does not mean that he must understand accordance with the understanding of the people of yore. Because of a Muslim by the Al-Quran to make the preposterous taunt their living and that only the old people and nenekmoyang regardless of what they actually do; does their style hudan (the truth) or ‘ala dhalal (in error).
But this does not mean that every Muslim (who) can issue opinions on the verses of Al-Quran without fulfilling the conditions required for that. Every Muslim who qualify, are obliged to understand the Al-Quran, as the verses are not only derived special for the Arab people in the era of the Prophet Muhammad first, and also not specific to those living in the twentieth century. But Al-Quran is for all mankind since the days of the decrease until doomsday soon.
They were all invited by the Al-Quran, was ordered to consider the contents of the Al-Quran in accordance with their intellect mind. True, is preposterous gift from Allah SWT, but how to use the different between someone with the other caused by the difference between their own education background, education, culture and experience-pengalainan experienced during one’s life. ‘Abbas Mahmud Al-’Aqqad write: “We have the obligation to understand the Al-Quran at the current wajibnya as those Arabs who live in the propaganda Muhammad.” 18
But in contemporary thinking does not mean the Al-Koran interpreting accordance with theories or scientific discoveries, new discoveries. We can use the opinions of scholars and ulama, the results of the experiment and the experience of scientists, grind in the brain and help make ta’ammul in tadabbur help understand the meaning of the verses of the Al-Quran without trust each hypothetical or abstinence.
For example, the first and even up to now, ulama-ulama interpreting the meaning of the word al-’alaq in the verses that explain the incident fetus with al-checkers al-jamid or segumpal of frozen blood. The interpretation is found in all Scripture commentary earlier. Even in English translation in any of the clot is: a half-frozen blood. Al-’alaq explained that in the second period on an incident from the fetus. Word of Allah in Surah Al-Muminun verses 12-14 translated by Prof.. M. Hasby Ashiddieqi in tafsirnya, An-Nur, said: “We have made the people of the land that is clean, then we jadikannya sperm stored in a place that is strong, then We made the sperm segumpal blood, and we jadikannya piece of meat; meat from the bones that we made, we wrapped the bones with flesh, and then we make it a new creature (a perfect human being). Lord God Almighty the round-sepandai that makes clever things. “
Noting this paragraph, it is apparent that the second period of human events is al-alaq after al-nuthfah. And it can be concluded that the process of human events consist of five periods: (1) Al-Nuthfah; (2) Al-Alaq, (3) Al-Mudhghah; (4) Al-’Idzam and (5) Al-Lahm.
When someone learn embryology and believe the truth will be the Al-Quran, the sentence was difficult to interpret al-’alaq with segumpal of frozen blood. According to the embryology, the process of human events divided into three periods:
1. Period Ovum
This period starts from fertilisasi (fertilization) because of a meeting between the sets of genitals father (sperm) with the mother cell (ovum), the second essentially united and form a new structure or substance called the zygote. After fertilisasi progress, zygote split into two, four, eight, sixteen cells, and so on. During this division, zygote moving toward the bag to the pregnancy, then spreading and eventually into the uterus wall. This event is known by the name implantasi.
2. Period fetus
This period is the period of formation of organs. Sometimes organs are not formed completely or not at all formed, for example, if the results do not depend cleavage zygote or huddle in the uterus wall. This can lead to miscarriage or birth defects by default.
3. Period Foetus
This period is the period of development and penyempumaan organs before, with the development of very fast and ended at the time of birth.
Back to the paragraph above, we see that the first period, according to Al-Quran is’ al-nuthfah, the second al-’alaq third period and al-mudhghah. Al-mudhghah - which means that the piece of meat - according to Al-Quran (Surah Al-Hajj paragraph 5) divided into two possibilities: mukhallaqah (perfect crime) and ghayru mukhallaqah (not perfect).
From here, when adjustments were held between embryology with the Al-Quran in the process of human events, that the real third period called the Al-Koran al-mudhghah as a second-period, according to embryology (the fetus). In this period the most important organs. Meanwhile, fourth and fifth period, according to Al-Quran with the same period of the third or foetus.
In discussing al-’alaq - are regarded by the mufassirin with segumpal blood - found the contradiction between the interpretation of the results of scientific research. Because the ovum consists of ektoderm, endoderm and amnion cavity, which is in amnion fluid. These elements do not contain the component of blood.
From this starting point they reject the interpretation al-’alaq with segumpal blood, liquid or frozen. They believed that al-alaq is dependent or huddle. This interpretation is consistent with the definition of the Arabic language, and in accordance with the embryology named implantasi. Arabic does not make sense, al-’alaq specifically for the frozen blood, but one of the means is bergantungan or closely packed together.
Al-Raghib al-Ashfahaniy, explain the meaning of some al-alaq according to the Arabic language, including: dependent and closely packed together. In the dictionary Al-Mishbah Al-Munir, meaning al-’alaq is “something like a black worms in the water, when drunk by the animal or will it depend on any kerongkongannya” .19
In addition, in Arabic something can be called in accordance with the nature and circumstances, such as: Innama sumiya al-qalb li taqallubihi.20
Conclusion
Conclusions from the description above is:
Al-Quran is a book of land that provides guidance to all human issues in the belief, tasyri ‘, and morals for the happiness of life in the world and the Hereafter.
There is no contradiction between the Al-Quran with science.
Understanding the relationship with the Al-Quran knowledge does not see with theories or scientific discoveries, new discoveries in tersimpul, but does see the Al-Quran or the life verses impede the progress of science, or encourage more advanced.
Allow or deny the theory of scientific theory-based Al-Quran incompatible with the basic purpose or nature of the Al-Quran and contradict with the characteristics of science.
Because of the widespread interpretation of scientific (developed scientific theories based on the Al-Quran) is due to feelings of low self from the Islamic community and as a result of antagonism between the church (religious) fishy with the scientists that will occur in the environment of Islam, that Islamic scholars try to expose the relationship between Al-Quran with science.
0 komentar:
Post a Comment